The parade included elements of the Prussian, Bavarian and Saxon armies and was watched by a sullen and angry Parisian crowd. Some sources incorrectly insist that the Arc de Triomphe was not marched through. Parisian citizens had attempted to block the arch of the Arc de Triomphe, but the leading elements of German cavalry were able to pass through it. These troops paraded formally down the Champs-Élysées at around 3 pm with fifes and drums playing. These troops entered Paris at around 10.30 am. The remainder of the 30,000 troops paraded before William I, recently proclaimed as German emperor, at Longchamp Racecourse outside the city. A contingent of staff officers accompanied them and rode several times around the Place de la Concorde to take possession of it. At 8 am the first elements of the German Army entered the city, marching down the Champs-Élysées. The night before the parade Paris citizens placed black veils over the faces of each statue in the Place de la Concorde, and some houses flew black flags as a mark of mourning for the capitulation of the city. During this period some German soldiers were permitted to pass into Paris, alone and unarmed, to visit cultural sites such as the Louvre and Les Invalides. From late February the National Guard, which had largely ceased to obey orders from the French government, spontaneously rearmed themselves in anticipation of further conflict. There were fears in Paris that fighting might resume as soon as the German Army entered the city. Under the terms of the Treaty the Germans were permitted to station 30,000 men in Paris from 1 March and, if further agreement was not forthcoming by 3 March, to resume hostilities. These outlined heavy reparations and territorial concessions and the right of the German Empire to station troops in France until paid. The French agreed preliminary peace terms at the 26 February Treaty of Versailles. During the armistice German troops remained in place around Paris but permitted French civilians to cross through their lines and allowed delivery of aid packages to the starving city. Part of the terms of the armistice allowed French troops the privilege of firing the last shot of the siege at Paris and prohibited German troops from entering the city. The Armistice was between France and the unified German Empire, which had been established on 18 January. This proved unsuccessful, and the Armistice of Versailles, bringing an end to hostilities, came into effect on 28 January 1871.
GERMAN VICTORY MARCH KONIGGRATZER PROFESSIONAL
With the professional army either dead, wounded, captured or besieged at Metz, the French government tried to raise a force from the civilian population to continue the war and relieve Paris. Paris, the French capital, came under Prussian siege on 19 September. His government collapsed, and the French Third Republic was proclaimed with a Government of National Defense. The French emperor Napoleon III had surrendered with his army on 2 September 1870 after defeat at the Battle of Sedan. German troops withdrew from the city two days later. Further parades were planned, including the entry of the German Emperor William I, but the quick action of the French National Assembly to ratify the Treaty of Versailles prevented this. They were followed by additional troops at 3 pm, who paraded down the Champs-Élysées with fifes and drums playing. German troops entered the city at 8 am that day, marching down the Champs-Élysées and occupying the Place de la Concorde. Preliminary peace terms were agreed in the 26 February Treaty of Versailles, which allowed 30,000 German troops to occupy Paris from 1 March until the treaty was ratified.
The Armistice of Versailles of 28 January ended hostilities, but the city remained in French hands. The city had been under siege by Prussian forces since September 1870, with Prussia being unified into the German Empire on 18 January 1871. On 1 March 1871 the Imperial German Army paraded through Paris to mark their victory in the Franco-Prussian War.
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